Reversible reaction-type steam turbine



June 17. 1924- 1,498,295 5. B. RAHA REVERSIBLE REACTION TYPE STEAM TURBINE Filed June 11, 1920 4 Sheets-Sheet l June 17 1924.

B. B. RAHA REVERSIBLE REACTION TYPE STEAM TURBINE Filed June 11, 1920 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 gnoentoz I June 17 l 924.

B. B. RAHA REVERSIBLE REACTION TYPE STEAM TURBINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed June June'l? [1 924. B. B. RAHA REVERSIBLE REACTION TYPE STEAM TURBINE Filed June 11, 1920 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented June 17, 1924.

STATES Fr es.

PATENT REVERSIBLE REACTION-TYPE STEAM TURBINE.

Application filed June 11, 1920. Serial No. 388,278.

To all whom it may concern.

Be it known that I, Bnnor BHUSHAN RAHA, a subject of His Majesty King George V, and a resident of Calcutta, British India, have invented Improvements in or Relating t Reversible Reaction-Type Steam Turbines of which the following is a specification.

This invention. relates to a new type of 10 steam turbine in which a cylindrical boiler is mounted on a shaft androtates therewith, said boiler carrying or having connectedto ita plurality of nozzles adapted to directthe discharging steam against a fixed surrounding ring consisting .of series of reaction blades, the steam impinging against said blades and by the reaction driving the shaft.

Two sets of nozzles, adapted to drive the turbine in opposite directions, are employed,

together with means whereby one or the other set may be connected to the steam supply, thus providing areversible turbine, which, by suitably shaping the curves of the reaction blades, may be as etlicient when working in either direction. The boiler, being mounted on the turbine shaft, actsas a fly wheel. ater or steam is introduced through the shaft, which ismade hollow for that purpose, and enters the boiler by a be sprayed through said perforations" onto the bottom or sides of the boiler or onto baffie plates fixed therein. These baffle plates increase the heating surface and also prevent priming, and they further provide a compartment towards the steam exit end of the boiler wherein the steam may be supermay be further superheated before being finally used.

My invention may be adopted for use in a stationary turbine with a vertical main shaft, or it may, if preferred, be applied to a locomotive or other type with a'horizontal shaft.

The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in series of perforations in the shaft and may which like numerals refer to like parts.

one of the nozzles represented 111 Fig. 5;

Figures 8 and 9 show the locking means whereby the nozzles can be locked in one of their three positions, viz: forward, neutral and reverse; and

Figure 10 illustrates means whereby the nozzle ring may be rotated relatively to the shaft. to take up a desired position.

The invention will be first described with reference to the type of turbine with vertical mainshaft.

The shaft 1 is carried on a suitable frame 2. On this shaft the boiler 3 is mounted and rotates with the same.

The boiler which is giartially enclosed in or surroundedby the furnace may be of the flash type. a

T l ater is introduced into] the boiler through the feed pipe 5 and passes up through the centre of the shaftv being sprayed out through holes 6 6 in the shaft as shown by the arrows.

The water or steam is sprayed out through these holes under pressure and the spray falling on the wallsof the boiler will immediately be turned into steam. water is introduced the centrifugal action will keep the water against the outer walls of the boiler. The lower holes in the shaft may be inclined downwardly sothat some of i the water will certainly be sprayed against the bottom 7 of the boileras indicated by the arrows a, a, Fig. 1, to prevent over heating.

Baffle plates 8 may be fitted in the interior ofthe boiler to prevent the water rising too. high against the walls under the cen- Tf excess of trifugal actionand for the-purpose of pro;

. blade ring 16.

venting priming. These baffle plates also increase the heating surface.

When only sufficient water is being introduced to flash int-o steam before or upon falling on the walls'of the boiler a certain amount of super-heat may be given to the steam. Y The shaft 1 is mounted on suitable bearings 9 and 10 and convenient lubricating means 11 may be provided.

A series of nozzles or jets 12,12 are .mounted on a ring 13 surrounding the boilmounted' is capable of rotation relatively to the boiler, suitable means being provided for such rotation and to lock the nozzle ring and boiler in desired positions.

Corresponding to the passages in the nozzles there are holes 14 in the boiler casing. The number of such holes in the boiler is just half of the number of nozzles, which themselves are even in number.

The. nozzle ring fits closely to the boiler so that only that series of nozzles which are opposite the holes in the boiler will come into action. When the jet or nozzle ring is rotated into a position where the holes are blind all steam will be cut off, and the turbine will stop rotating.

The steam from the nozzles impinges on a series of blades or teeth 15 of suitable shape formed onthe inner surface of the The angle at which these nozzles are placed and the shape of these blades issuch as to give the maximum efficiency possible in this type of turbine ac cording to modern theories of design.

The steam after expending its energy on the blades passes upwards to the exhaust or to the condensers if such are fitted.

The nozzles used may be of a special shape having anenlarged portion 17 which forms a receptacle for the steam. These enlarged portions rotate in a belt of hot gases rising from the furnace and the steam obtains'a slightly higher degree of super-heat whilst passmgthrough such enlarged portions.

Suitable fast and loose pulleys 19 and 20 may be fitted to the shaft to transmit the boiler 3 fixed thereto. The furnace 4 surroundsthe boiler completely.

The feed water is forced through the hollow shaft and sprayed through holes 6', 6"

therein onto the sides of the boiler and onto the same.

series of bafiie plates 8, 8 fitted inside Some of these baffle plates may, if preferred, be perforated.

The feed water enters generally from tl e end, at which thefurnace door 21 is shown. As the steam approaches the funnel '18 or smoke stack end of the furnace it is superheated. r

In this alternative method the nozzles or jets act in exactly the same manner as in the previous method described, but the nozzles themselves are made in a different manner. The nozzle ring 13 is a solid ring of considerable thickness which has cavities or holes 21' made in it, to take the nozzles 12, or. 12". These cavities are provided with a screw thread into which the nozzles themselves screw. The ends '22 of the cavities are suitably curved or shaped so that the steam reacts against such curved surface and is deflected in astraight path out of the orifice of the nozzle.

To allow the nozzles to be screwed into their cavities 21 theymay be provided with suitable notches or holes 23, 23 to fit a spanner or other turning means.

To look the nozzle ring to desired posi tions suitable means maybe provided. One such type of means is illustrated in Figures 8 and According to these means the end of the boiler 3 is provided with three catches 24, and 26. The nozzle ring is provided with a latch 27 pivoted at 28. The end 27*. of the latch is designed to en-.

gage one or other of these catches 24, 25 or 26. lVhen the latch 27 engages the catch 2 the nozzle ring is set in the posi tion to drive the turbine in a clockwise direction; when it engages catch 26 in an anti-clockwise direction, and when in the central catch 25 the'nozzle ring is so set that all steam to-the nozzles is cut off.

To disengage the locking device abovementioned the lever 29 pivoted at 30 is pro.

At the endof this lever a contact wheel 31 or rounded knob may befitted, and when the lever is depressed, this wheel is brought into position to engage a ramp 32 on a rear extension 33 of the latch 27 during the rotation of the boiler, so as to press down said extension andthus lift the blade 27 of the latch out of the catch with which it is engaged. Bysuch means the locking device may be automatically disengaged while the turbine is running at full speed and the nozzle ring then being free to rotate relatively to the turbine shaft vided.

will by such movement out off steam to the nozzles and tend to bringthe turbine to rest. Arrangements would have to be made at the same time, to bank the fire or if Oll fuel was being used to cut off the supply glass boiler.

The gauge glass is not of the tube type, but is a thick pane of glass let into the end of the boiler through which the level of the water in the boiler can be ascertained by rotating the boiler until such gauge glass is at the bottom.

To set the nozzle ring to drive the turbine in the desired direction the device shown in Figure 10 is used In this device a toothed rim -36 m: y be providedon the nozzle ring. A, pinion 37 adjustably mounted on a frame 38 fixed to the stationary part of the turbine is designed to engage such toothed rim. This pinion may be made to engage or disenga e by means of a hand wheel 39 and screwed shaft 40 moving the pinion in guides in the frame 38. When in engagement the pinion maybe rotated by means of the handle or lever il, thus moving the toothed wheel 36 and the nozzle ring 13 until the desired catch or 26 is opposite the fastening device 27.

In the locomotive type of turbine motion might be conveyed from the shaft to the driving wheels or to machinery by means of a belt or chain fixed to the pulley or chain wheel 42, or it may be connected direct to a screw propeller.

It will of course be understood that cer tain modifications may be introduced without departing from the essential features of my invention. For-instance, although I use an even number of nozzles this is not essential. If for anyreason it is not necessary for the turbine to work backwards with as much power asin the forward di rection only half as many reversing nozzles might be mounted as forward driving ones. In such case the nozzles would not necessarily be even in number and the number of holes in the boiler might correspond in that case. to the number of forward driving nozzles, some of such holes beingclosed or blind when the nozzle ring is fixed to drive in the reverse direction.

I may if I prefer use low pressure steam in the boiler part shown using a separate boiler for supplying such steam. The boiler These fittings rotate with the shown as a part of the turbine would then,

become a superheater only.

a suitable positioning of the means foi."fastening the nozzle ring relatively to the holes in the boiler these holes be full open. partially opened or closed. When the holes are only partially open the use of the steam is economized and the turbine may be used worlzingonly partially loaded.

In the type of turbine with a horizontal tating the nozzle ring on the carrier to 130-.

shaft the steam or water is forced into the boiler part 3' through perforations in the hollow shaft only for a certain portion at the entry end of the same.

' with said rim.

()pposite this perforated portion a series" of battle plates may be fixed which themselves may be perforated. These baffle plates increase the heating surface. Beyond the portion where the water or steam introduced the ba'lile plates are unperfora'ted and divide the boiler part into several different chambers connected together by the annular spaces around the shaft left by such batlles. The object of these cham-- hers is to super-heatthe steam. The number of these chambers may be increased to allow for higher super-heat.

A. brake may be fitted to bring the turbine to a dead stop when desired.-

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to beperformed, I declare that what I claim 'is:

1. A turbine comprising a rotary carrier; a nozzle ring rotatably mounted on said carrier; two sets of nozzles carried by said ring, one set for each direction of rotation;

blades cooperative with the nozzles; means for rotating the nozzle ring to position either set of nozzles for connection with the steam supply or to shut off both sets therefrom; means for locking said ring in any one of its three positions; and manually con trolled means for automatically releasing the locking means ning.

2. A turbine comprising av rotary carrier;

a nozzle ring rotatably mounted on said carrier; two sets of nozzles carried by said ring; one set for each direction of rotation; blades cooperative with the nozzles; a toothed rim on said ring; and a pinion mounted on a stationary partof the turbine and mesh ing with said rim to rotate the nozzle ring to connect either set of nozzles with the steam supply or to shutoff both sets therefrom.

turbine comprising arotary carrier; a nozzle ring rotatably mounted on said carrier; two sets of nozzles carried by said ring. one set for each direction of rotation; blades cooperative with the nozzles; a toothed rim on said ring; a pinion mounted on a stationary part of the turbine and adapted to mesh with said rim to rotatethe nozzle ring and thereby selectively connect while the turbine is runeither set of nozzles with the steam supply or shut off both sets therefrom; and means for moving said pinion into or out of mesh 4-. A turbine comprising a rotary carrier; a nozzle ring rotatably mounted on said carrie two sets of nozzles carried by said ring, one set for each direction of rotation; blades cooperative with the nozzles; means for rosition either set ofnozzlesfor connection with the steam supply or to shut off both sets therefrom; a catch for each of the three position either set of nozzles for connection with the steamsupply or to shut off both sets therefrom; a catch for each of the three positions of the ring; a latch engageableselectively with said catches tolock the ring in any one of said positions; and a manually controlled device for automatically releasing saidlatch from such engagement while the turbine is running. I V

6. A turbine comprising a rotary carrier; a nozzle ring rotatably mounted on said carrier; two sets of nozzles carried by said ring, one set for each direction of rotation; blades cooperative with the nozzles; means for rotating the nozzle ring on the carrier to position' either set of nozzles for connection with the steam supply or to shut' off both sets therefrom; a catch for each of the three positions of the ring; a latch engageable selectively with said catches to lock the ring in any one of said positions; and a releasing member adapted to be positioned in the path of said latch to engage the latch and theresupply or to shut off both sets therefrom;

means for locking said ring in any one of its three positions; and manually controlled means for automatically releasing said looking mean while the turbine is running.

8. A turbine comprising a rotary carrier; a nozzle ring movably mounted on said carrier; a set of nozzles carried by said ring; blades cooperative with said nozzles; means for adjusting said .ring relatively to said carrier to bring the nozzles into or out of position for connection with the steam supply; means for locking said ring in adjusted position; and manually controlled means for automatically releasing the locking means while the turbine is running.

9. A turbine comprising a rotary carrier; a nozzle ring movably mounted on said carrier; two sets of reversely-inclined nozzles carried by said ring, one set for each directioniof rotation; a'single set of blades cooperative with bothsets of nozzles; means for adjusting said ring relatively to the carrier to position either set of nozzles for connection with the steam supply; means for locking said ring in adjusted position; and manually controlled means for auto matically releasing said locking means while the turbine is runnmg.

10. A turbine comprising a rotary carrier; a nozzle ring movably mounted on said carrier; two sets of reversely-inclined nozzles carried by said ring, one. set for each direction of rotation; a single set of blades cooperative with both sets of nozzles; means for adjusting said ring relatively to its carrier to position either set of nozzles for connection with the steam supply; a catch for each position of adjustment of said ring; a latch engageable' selectively with said catches to lock the ring in adjusted position; and means for releasing said latch while the turbine is running.

11. A turbine comprising arotary carrier; a nozzle ring encircling and rotatably connected to the carrier; two sets of reverselyarranged nozzles carried by said ring, one set for eachdirection of rotation; a toothed rim on said ring; a pinion mounted on a stationary part of the turbine and meshing with said rim to rotate the nozzle ring and thereby selectively connect either set of nozzles with the steam supply; and a stationary blade ring encircling said nozzle ring and provided with a single set of blades for coaction with both sets of nozzles.

12. A turbine comprising a rotary shaft;

I a carrier secured to said shaft to rotate therewith; a nozzle ring encircling said carrier to rotate both with and relatively v to the same; two independent sets of nozzles. carried by said ring one set for each direction of. rotation; blades, against which the motive fluid is discharged by said nozzles, cooperative with the nozzles to produce the rotation of the carrier; and means for rotating the nozzle ring on said carrier to connect either set of nozzles with the motive fluid supply or to shut oif both sets therefrom.

13. A turbine, comprising a rotary shaft; a carrier secured to said shaft to rotate therewith; a nozzle ring encircling said carrier to rotate both with and relatively to the same; two independent sets of nozzles carried by said ring, one set for each direction of rotation; blades, against which the motive fluid is discharged by said nozzles, cooperative with the nozzles to produce the rotation of the carrier; means for rotating the nozzle ring on said carrier a carrier secured to said shaft to rotate therewith; a nczzlering encircling said can riei' to rotate both With and relatively to the same; tWo independent sets of nozzles carried by said ring, one set for each direction of rotation; blades, against Which the motive fluid is discharged by said nozzles, cooperative With the nozzles to produce the rotation of the carrier; means for rotating the nozzle ring on said carrier to connect either set of nozzles With the motive fluid supply or to shut off both sets therefrom; 10 a catch for each of the three positions of the ring; and a latch engagealole selectively with said catches to lock the ring in any selected one of said positions.

' BENOY BHUSHAN 

